sarcasm in nizār qabbāni’s work “hawāmish ala daftar al_naksah”

nizār qabbāni,the contemporary syrian poet (1923-1998), is known as the poet of woman in the field of poetry and have been mostly criticised from this poin of view. a detailed scrutiny of her works clearly illustrates that she has sensitively and emotionally reacted to insufficiencies of the arab society and the incompetence of the rulers.political and social issues have certainly been among her concerns.nizār qobbāni used sarcasm to harshly and bitterly challenged the inadequate policy  and statesmanship of arab puppet rulers and exhaustion of arabic culture and peoples' narrow-mindedness.sarcasm is one of the expressive techniques nizār qabbāni has used in portrating his mental concepts. this can be very vividly seen in her political famous work called “hawâmish ala daftar al_naksah”. this study attempts to, with a descriptive-analytical approach,explore the role of this techniques. the result is that the use of this technique has had a profound effect in the poet's prominent language and her audience to get the intended concepts. in addition the coincidence of poet's bitter language with arab bitter defeat in 1967 war,has made a kind of harmony and coordination of content and vocabulary and poetic compositions,which has attracted specific audiences such as literary critics